PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB031759 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB031759
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB031760 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB031760
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB031761 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB031761
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB031762 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB031762
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB031763 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB031763
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB031886 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB031886
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB032189 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB032189
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB032190 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB032190
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB032191 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB032191
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB032621 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB032621
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB032659 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB032659
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB032795 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB032795
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB033100 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB033100
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB033832 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB033832
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB033833 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB033833
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB033834 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB033834
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB034120 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB034120
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB034121 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB034121
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB034122 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB034122
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB034174 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB034174
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB034256 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB034256
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB034261 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB034261
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB034262 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB034262
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB034263 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB034263
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB034264 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB034264
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB034265 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB034265
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB034266 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB034266
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB034328 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB034328
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB034392 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB034392
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB035091 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB035091