PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB035475 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB035475
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB035745 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB035745
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB035804 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB035804
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB035805 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB035805
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB036145 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB036145
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB036146 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB036146
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB036147 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB036147
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB036631 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB036631
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB036856 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB036856
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB036857 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB036857
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB036858 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB036858
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB036859 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB036859
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB036939 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB036939
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB037362 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB037362
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB037363 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB037363
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB037364 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB037364
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB037365 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB037365
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB037366 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB037366
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB037432 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB037432
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB037433 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB037433
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB037449 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB037449
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB037819 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB037819
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB038217 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB038217
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB038218 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB038218
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB038219 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB038219
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB038220 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB038220
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB038699 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB038699
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB038786 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB038786
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB038905 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB038905
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB038906 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB038906