PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB038907 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB038907
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB038908 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB038908
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB038909 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB038909
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB038910 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB038910
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB038911 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB038911
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB038912 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB038912
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB038913 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB038913
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB039222 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB039222
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB039242 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB039242
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB039983 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB039983
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB040021 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB040021
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB040023 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB040023
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB040438 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB040438
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB040517 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB040517
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB040548 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB040548
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB040728 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB040728
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB040729 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB040729
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB040730 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB040730
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB040731 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB040731
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB040732 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB040732
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB040733 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB040733
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB040734 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB040734
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB040965 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB040965
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB041110 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB041110
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB041658 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB041658
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB041850 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB041850
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB041887 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB041887
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB041891 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB041891
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB041914 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB041914
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB041940 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB041940