PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB041941 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB041941
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB041943 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB041943
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB042204 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB042204
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB042205 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB042205
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB042206 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB042206
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB042524 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB042524
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB042629 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB042629
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB042819 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB042819
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB042933 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB042933
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB043071 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB043071
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB043431 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB043431
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB044225 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB044225
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB044306 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB044306
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB044578 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB044578
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB044654 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB044654
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB044836 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB044836
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB044840 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB044840
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB044841 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB044841
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB044843 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB044843
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB044844 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB044844
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB044913 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB044913
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB045370 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB045370
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB045371 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB045371
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB045372 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB045372
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB045373 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB045373
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB045383 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB045383
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046093 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046093
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046094 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046094
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046095 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046095
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046166 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046166