PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046269 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046269
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046270 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046270
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046272 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046272
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046273 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046273
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046274 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046274
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046275 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046275
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046276 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046276
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046277 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046277
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046278 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046278
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046279 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046279
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046280 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046280
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046281 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046281
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046282 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046282
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046284 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046284
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046301 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046301
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046302 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046302
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046303 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046303
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046304 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046304
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046306 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046306
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046307 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046307
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046308 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046308
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046309 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046309
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046310 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046310
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046994 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046994
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046998 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB046998
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB047364 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB047364
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB047489 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB047489
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB047605 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB047605
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB047962 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB047962
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB047963 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB047963