PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB048068 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB048068
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB048069 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB048069
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB048117 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB048117
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB048118 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB048118
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB048458 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB048458
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB048459 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB048459
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB048529 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB048529
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB048530 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB048530
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB048755 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB048755
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB048971 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB048971
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB048972 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB048972
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB049260 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB049260
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB049636 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB049636
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB049637 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB049637
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB049914 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB049914
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB049958 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB049958
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB049968 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB049968
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB050100 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB050100
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB050101 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB050101
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB050129 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB050129
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB050162 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB050162
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB050432 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB050432
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB050433 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB050433
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB050471 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB050471
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB050492 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB050492
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB050493 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB050493
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB050494 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB050494
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB050495 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB050495
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB050703 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB050703
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB050737 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB050737