PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB050888 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB050888
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB051453 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB051453
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB051454 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB051454
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB051455 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB051455
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB051677 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB051677
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB051739 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB051739
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB052220 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB052220
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB052409 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB052409
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB052891 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB052891
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB053172 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB053172
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB053215 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB053215
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB053216 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB053216
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB053217 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB053217
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB053531 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB053531
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB053957 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB053957
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB053958 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB053958
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB053959 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB053959
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB053961 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB053961
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB054096 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB054096
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB054157 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB054157
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB054870 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB054870
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB054871 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB054871
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB054872 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB054872
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB054873 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB054873
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB054874 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB054874
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB054875 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB054875
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB054876 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB054876
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB054877 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB054877
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB055010 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB055010
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB055011 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB055011