PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB055012 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB055012
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB055013 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB055013
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB055067 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB055067
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB055119 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB055119
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB055120 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB055120
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB055121 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB055121
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB055122 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB055122
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB055123 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB055123
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB055130 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB055130
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB055819 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB055819
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB055825 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB055825
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB056391 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB056391
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB056407 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB056407
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB056418 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB056418
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB056428 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB056428
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB056483 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB056483
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB056484 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB056484
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB056485 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB056485
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB056548 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB056548
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB056808 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB056808
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB056886 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB056886
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB057097 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB057097
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB057100 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB057100
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB057103 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB057103
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB057114 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB057114
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB057115 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB057115
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB057116 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB057116
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB057176 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB057176
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB057177 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB057177
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB057193 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB057193