PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB057194 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB057194
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB057195 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB057195
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB057387 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB057387
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB057467 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB057467
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB057714 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB057714
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB057715 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB057715
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB057722 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB057722
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB057794 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB057794
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB057800 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB057800
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB057801 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB057801
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB058070 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB058070
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB058728 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB058728
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB059062 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB059062
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB059299 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB059299
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB059300 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB059300
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB059301 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB059301
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB059528 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB059528
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB059547 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB059547
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB059548 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB059548
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB059620 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB059620
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB060538 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB060538
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB060615 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB060615
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB060750 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB060750
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB060898 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB060898
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB061838 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB061838
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB061840 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB061840
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB062358 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB062358
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB062400 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB062400
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB062993 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB062993
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB063195 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB063195