PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB063584 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB063584
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB063589 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB063589
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB063590 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB063590
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB063591 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB063591
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB063775 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB063775
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB064038 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB064038
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB064149 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB064149
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB064290 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB064290
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB064404 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB064404
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB064522 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB064522
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB064524 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB064524
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB064526 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB064526
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB064527 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB064527
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB064528 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB064528
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB065125 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB065125
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB065216 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB065216
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB065257 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB065257
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB065755 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB065755
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB065759 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB065759
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB065760 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB065760
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB065830 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB065830
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB065831 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB065831
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB065853 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB065853
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB066188 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB066188
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB066203 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB066203
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB066204 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB066204
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB066210 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB066210
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB066268 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB066268
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB066269 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB066269
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB066270 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB066270