PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB066276 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB066276
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB066277 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB066277
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB066278 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB066278
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB066279 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB066279
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB066280 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB066280
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB066281 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB066281
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB066511 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB066511
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB067171 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB067171
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB067237 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB067237
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB067693 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB067693
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB067857 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB067857
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB068155 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB068155
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB068282 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB068282
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB068359 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB068359
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB068938 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB068938
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB069227 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB069227
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB069228 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB069228
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB069405 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB069405
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB069406 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB069406
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB069509 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB069509
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB069620 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB069620
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB069860 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB069860
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB070063 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB070063
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB070078 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB070078
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB070323 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB070323
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB070324 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB070324
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB070478 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB070478
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB070757 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB070757
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB070758 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB070758
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB070759 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB070759