PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB071055 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB071055
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB071056 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB071056
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB071730 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB071730
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB071731 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB071731
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB071990 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB071990
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB072110 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB072110
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB072785 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB072785
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB072925 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB072925
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB072927 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB072927
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB072935 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB072935
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB072955 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB072955
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB072956 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB072956
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB073216 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB073216
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB073217 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB073217
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB073218 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB073218
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB073235 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB073235
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB073265 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB073265
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB073268 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB073268
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB073902 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB073902
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB073930 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB073930
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB074603 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB074603
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB074651 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB074651
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB074652 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB074652
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB075060 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB075060
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB075136 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB075136
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB075137 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB075137
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB075138 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB075138
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB075139 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB075139
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB075140 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB075140
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB075294 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB075294