PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB075295 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB075295
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB075296 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB075296
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB075412 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB075412
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB075441 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB075441
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB075546 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB075546
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB075794 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB075794
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB075795 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB075795
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB075832 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB075832
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB075833 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB075833
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB076276 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB076276
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB076353 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB076353
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB076364 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB076364
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB076449 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB076449
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB076489 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB076489
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB076536 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB076536
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB076752 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB076752
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB076753 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB076753
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB076778 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB076778
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB076890 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB076890
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB076891 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB076891
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB077477 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB077477
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB077731 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB077731
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB077733 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB077733
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB077777 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB077777
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB077778 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB077778
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB077779 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB077779
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB077780 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB077780
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB078026 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB078026
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB078501 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB078501
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB078502 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB078502