PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB078503 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB078503
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB078505 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB078505
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB078536 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB078536
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB078537 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB078537
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB078588 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB078588
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB078662 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB078662
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB078919 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB078919
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB079095 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB079095
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB079096 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB079096
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB079097 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB079097
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB079098 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB079098
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB079099 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB079099
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB079100 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB079100
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB079300 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB079300
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB079904 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB079904
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB080055 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB080055
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB080205 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB080205
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB080295 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB080295
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB080296 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB080296
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB080634 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB080634
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB080761 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB080761
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB080762 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB080762
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB080763 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB080763
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB080823 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB080823
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB080885 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB080885
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB080886 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB080886
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB080887 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB080887
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB080888 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB080888
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB080889 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB080889
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB081007 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB081007