PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB081008 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB081008
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB081305 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB081305
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB081306 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB081306
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB081817 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB081817
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB081818 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB081818
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB081955 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB081955
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB082278 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB082278
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB082279 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB082279
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB082994 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB082994
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB083253 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB083253
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB083254 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB083254
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB083255 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB083255
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB083309 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB083309
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB083310 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB083310
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB083311 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB083311
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB083382 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB083382
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB083387 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB083387
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB083388 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB083388
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB083389 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB083389
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB083390 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB083390
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB083458 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB083458
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB083530 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB083530
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB084355 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB084355
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB084583 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB084583
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB084868 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB084868
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB084975 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB084975
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB084976 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB084976
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB084977 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB084977
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB084978 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB084978
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB084979 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB084979