PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB085312 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB085312
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB085808 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB085808
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB086030 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB086030
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB086031 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB086031
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB086032 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB086032
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB086120 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB086120
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB086563 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB086563
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB086564 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB086564
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB086565 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB086565
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB086566 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB086566
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB086567 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB086567
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB086629 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB086629
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB086630 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB086630
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB086642 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB086642
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB087026 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB087026
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB087027 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB087027
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB087058 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB087058
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB087448 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB087448
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB087451 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB087451
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB087452 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB087452
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB087453 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB087453
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB087454 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB087454
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB087455 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB087455
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB087456 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB087456
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB087457 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB087457
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB087458 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB087458
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB087459 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB087459
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB087460 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB087460
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB087528 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB087528
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB087928 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB087928