PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB091466 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB091466
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB091467 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB091467
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB091468 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB091468
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB091813 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB091813
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB092133 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB092133
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB092144 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB092144
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB092257 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB092257
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB092399 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB092399
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB093565 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB093565
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB093660 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB093660
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB093947 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB093947
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB094014 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB094014
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB094201 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB094201
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB094202 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB094202
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB094203 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB094203
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB094219 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB094219
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB094276 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB094276
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB094721 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB094721
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB094722 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB094722
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB094723 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB094723
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB094724 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB094724
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB094733 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB094733
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095385 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095385
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095386 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095386
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095387 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095387
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095388 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095388
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095461 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095461
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095576 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095576
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095577 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095577
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095578 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095578