PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095580 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095580
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095582 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095582
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095583 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095583
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095584 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095584
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095585 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095585
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095586 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095586
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095587 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095587
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095588 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095588
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095589 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095589
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095590 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095590
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095591 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095591
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095594 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095594
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095615 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095615
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095616 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095616
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095617 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095617
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095619 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB095619
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB096306 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB096306
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB096654 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB096654
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB096791 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB096791
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB096792 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB096792
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB096911 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB096911
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB097255 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB097255
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB097256 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB097256
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB097358 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB097358
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB097361 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB097361
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB097362 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB097362
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB097462 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB097462
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB097798 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB097798
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB097854 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB097854
Acor01G0001430.1 aegiceras_corniculatum Acor01G0001430.1