PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
Flavonoid scaffold formation
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
Tyrosine acceptor branch
Condensation and hydroxylation
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
Aalbaalba5_s002532800669420.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s002532800669420.1
Aalbaalba5_s002954550711360.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s002954550711360.1
Aalbaalba5_s003497020752740.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s003497020752740.1
Aalbaalba5_s003567400757050.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s003567400757050.1
Aalbaalba5_s004151800791360.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s004151800791360.1
Aalbaalba5_s004270170797470.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s004270170797470.1
Aalbaalba5_s004991930829150.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s004991930829150.1
Aalbaalba5_s005111140833800.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s005111140833800.1
Aalbaalba5_s006269820865800.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s006269820865800.1
Aalbaalba5_s007009940879720.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s007009940879720.1
Aalbaalba5_s007078880880920.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s007078880880920.1
Aalbaalba5_s009966000911970.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s009966000911970.1
Aalbaalba5_s032206190942030.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s032206190942030.1
XP_027331277.1 abrus_precatorius XP_027331277.1
XP_027337508.1 abrus_precatorius XP_027337508.1
XP_027337612.1 abrus_precatorius XP_027337612.1
XP_027356113.1 abrus_precatorius XP_027356113.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9070430.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9070430.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9070469.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9070469.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9070939.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9070939.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9071098.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9071098.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9071417.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9071417.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9071418.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9071418.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9071420.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9071420.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9071424.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9071424.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9071561.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9071561.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9071941.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9071941.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9072012.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9072012.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9072362.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9072362.1
acacia_pycnantha_KAI9072518.1 acacia_pycnantha acacia_pycnantha_KAI9072518.1