PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr11.2431 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr11.2431
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr11.2432 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr11.2432
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr11.2474 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr11.2474
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr11.2634 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr11.2634
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr11.467 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr11.467
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr11.592 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr11.592
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.1018 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.1018
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.1205 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.1205
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.1336 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.1336
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.1337 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.1337
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.1435 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.1435
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.1733 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.1733
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.1736 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.1736
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.1737 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.1737
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.1740 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.1740
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.178 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.178
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.180 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.180
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.181 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.181
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.1825 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.1825
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.1827 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.1827
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.1828 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.1828
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.1832 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.1832
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.2044 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.2044
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.2158 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.2158
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.226 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.226
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.2289 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.2289
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.23 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.23
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.972 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.972
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.993 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr12.993
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.1232 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.1232