PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.1398 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.1398
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.1708 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.1708
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.1939 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.1939
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.2194 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.2194
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.2292 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.2292
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.2623 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.2623
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.518 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.518
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.524 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.524
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.598 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.598
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.601 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.601
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.695 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.695
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.771 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.771
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.774 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.774
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.775 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.775
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.777 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.777
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.778 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.778
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.779 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.779
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.780 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.780
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.787 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.787
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.788 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.788
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.789 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr13.789
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr2.1888 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr2.1888
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr2.1889 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr2.1889
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr2.2002 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr2.2002
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr2.2451.1 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr2.2451.1
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr2.2455 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr2.2455
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr2.2457 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr2.2457
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr2.3375 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr2.3375
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr2.3376 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr2.3376
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr2.3611 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr2.3611