PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL012114 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL012114
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL012140 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL012140
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL012186 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL012186
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL012192 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL012192
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL012195 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL012195
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL012211 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL012211
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL012449 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL012449
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL012452 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL012452
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL012453 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL012453
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL012489 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL012489
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL012580 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL012580
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL012581 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL012581
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL012647 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL012647
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL012648 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL012648
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL012820 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL012820
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL012821 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL012821
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL012862 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL012862
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL012891 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL012891
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL013505 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL013505
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL013507 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL013507
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL013551 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL013551
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL013552 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL013552
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL013629 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL013629
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL013630 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL013630
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL013765 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL013765
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL013768 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL013768
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL013769 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL013769
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL013775 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL013775
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL013782 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL013782
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL013783 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL013783