PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL009981 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL009981
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL009986 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL009986
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL010210 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL010210
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL010211 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL010211
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL010212 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL010212
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL010213 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL010213
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL010312 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL010312
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL010315 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL010315
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL010382 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL010382
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL010385 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL010385
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL010447 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL010447
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL010481 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL010481
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL010565 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL010565
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL010566 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL010566
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL010669 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL010669
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL010746 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL010746
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL010924 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL010924
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL010928 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL010928
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL010979 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL010979
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL010980 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL010980
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL011058 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL011058
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL011060 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL011060
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL011061 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL011061
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL011205 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL011205
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL011246 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL011246
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL011293 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL011293
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL011520 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL011520
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL011579 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL011579
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL011795 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL011795
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL011809 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL011809