PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL007925 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL007925
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL008176 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL008176
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL008303 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL008303
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL008304 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL008304
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL008305 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL008305
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL008306 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL008306
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL008307 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL008307
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL008308 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL008308
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL008310 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL008310
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL008311 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL008311
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL008312 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL008312
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL008315 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL008315
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL008316 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL008316
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL008575 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL008575
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL008599 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL008599
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL008869 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL008869
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL008983 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL008983
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL008984 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL008984
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL008985 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL008985
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL009134 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL009134
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL009378 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL009378
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL009499 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL009499
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL009551 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL009551
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL009553 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL009553
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL009555 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL009555
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL009621 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL009621
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL009622 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL009622
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL009737 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL009737
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL009783 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL009783
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL009790 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL009790