PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005298 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005298
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005299 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005299
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005302 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005302
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005303 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005303
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005332 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005332
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005431 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005431
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005495 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005495
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005657 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005657
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005676 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005676
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005710 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005710
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005711 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005711
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005736 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005736
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005776 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005776
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005916 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005916
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005994 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005994
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005997 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005997
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005998 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005998
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005999 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005999
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL006105 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL006105
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL006161 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL006161
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL006209 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL006209
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL006581 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL006581
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL006635 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL006635
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL006636 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL006636
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL006817 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL006817
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL006944 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL006944
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL007320 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL007320
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL007474 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL007474
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL007590 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL007590
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL007591 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL007591