PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL002352 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL002352
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL002755 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL002755
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL002792 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL002792
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL002793 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL002793
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL003104 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL003104
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL003287 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL003287
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL003455 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL003455
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL003457 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL003457
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL003459 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL003459
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL003530 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL003530
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL003566 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL003566
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL003592 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL003592
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL003605 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL003605
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL003609 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL003609
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL003610 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL003610
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL003838 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL003838
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL004422 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL004422
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL004457 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL004457
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL004533 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL004533
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL004746 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL004746
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL004907 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL004907
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL004912 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL004912
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL004913 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL004913
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL004967 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL004967
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL004971 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL004971
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005031 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005031
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005253 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005253
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005256 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005256
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005257 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005257
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005258 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL005258