PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL017297 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL017297
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL017299 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL017299
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL017300 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL017300
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL017301 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL017301
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL018009 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL018009
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL018010 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL018010
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL018012 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL018012
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL018133 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL018133
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL018216 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL018216
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL018260 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL018260
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL018265 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL018265
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL018372 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL018372
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL018421 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL018421
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL018422 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL018422
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL018424 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL018424
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL018511 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL018511
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL018635 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL018635
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL018820 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL018820
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL018847 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL018847
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL019160 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL019160
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL019243 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL019243
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL019277 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL019277
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL019278 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL019278
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL019655 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL019655
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL019661 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL019661
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL019662 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL019662
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL019985 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL019985
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL020007 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL020007
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL020024 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL020024
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL020191 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL020191