PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL020192 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL020192
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL020193 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL020193
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL020194 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL020194
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL020201 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL020201
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL020202 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL020202
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL020203 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL020203
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL020205 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL020205
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL020210 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL020210
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL020480 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL020480
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL020582 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL020582
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL020987 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL020987
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL021495 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL021495
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL021513 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL021513
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL021716 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL021716
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL021717 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL021717
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL021718 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL021718
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL021719 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL021719
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL021721 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL021721
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL021723 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL021723
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL021724 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL021724
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL021725 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL021725
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL021727 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL021727
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL021728 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL021728
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL021729 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL021729
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL021731 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL021731
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL021732 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL021732
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL021734 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL021734
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL021736 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL021736
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL021738 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL021738
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL021740 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL021740