PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_17260 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_17260
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_17326 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_17326
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_17805 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_17805
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_17806 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_17806
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_17807 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_17807
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_17948 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_17948
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_17985 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_17985
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_17986 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_17986
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_17988 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_17988
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_17989 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_17989
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_17990 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_17990
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_17991 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_17991
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_17994 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_17994
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_17995 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_17995
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_18074 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_18074
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_18075 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_18075
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_18404 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_18404
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_18428 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_18428
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_18429 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_18429
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_18437 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_18437
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_18640 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_18640
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_18683 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_18683
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_18820 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_18820
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_19078 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_19078
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_19146 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_19146
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_19148 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_19148
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_19149 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_19149
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_19150 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_19150
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_19151 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_19151
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_19152 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_19152