PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_21671 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_21671
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_21672 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_21672
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_21678 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_21678
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_21679 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_21679
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_21680 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_21680
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_21681 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_21681
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_21682 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_21682
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_21684 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_21684
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_21705 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_21705
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_21901 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_21901
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_21910 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_21910
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_21911 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_21911
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_22161 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_22161
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_22162 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_22162
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_22163 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_22163
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_22164 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_22164
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_22165 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_22165
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_22351 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_22351
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_22363 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_22363
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_22518 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_22518
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_22519 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_22519
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_23079 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_23079
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_23253 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_23253
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_23254 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_23254
acorus_gramineus_AGRA_23285 acorus_gramineus acorus_gramineus_AGRA_23285
ATA013.27.t1 acorus_tatarinowii ATA013.27.t1
ATA013.28.t1 acorus_tatarinowii ATA013.28.t1
ATA1.1848.1.p1 acorus_tatarinowii ATA1.1848.1.p1
ATA1.1849.t1 acorus_tatarinowii ATA1.1849.t1
ATA1.2215.t1.p1 acorus_tatarinowii ATA1.2215.t1.p1