PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
PAL

PAL

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family PAL.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 752 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 7015 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
Flavonoid scaffold formation
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
Phenylpropanoid pathway 7015 current-family members Vogt 2010; Vanholme et al. 2013; Tobimatsu & Schuetz 2019; Zhao et al. 2013
Rosmarinic acid pathway 7015 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
Tyrosine acceptor branch
Condensation and hydroxylation
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
HhamSuperscaffold20300460 hibiscus_hamabo HhamSuperscaffold20300460
HhamSuperscaffold20326890 hibiscus_hamabo HhamSuperscaffold20326890
HhamSuperscaffold20327810 hibiscus_hamabo HhamSuperscaffold20327810
HhamSuperscaffold20327820 hibiscus_hamabo HhamSuperscaffold20327820
HhamSuperscaffold260475580 hibiscus_hamabo HhamSuperscaffold260475580
HhamSuperscaffold320625430 hibiscus_hamabo HhamSuperscaffold320625430
HhamSuperscaffold350678620 hibiscus_hamabo HhamSuperscaffold350678620
HhamSuperscaffold360690640 hibiscus_hamabo HhamSuperscaffold360690640
HhamSuperscaffold370703820 hibiscus_hamabo HhamSuperscaffold370703820
HhamSuperscaffold400784040 hibiscus_hamabo HhamSuperscaffold400784040
HhamSuperscaffold40761790 hibiscus_hamabo HhamSuperscaffold40761790
HhamSuperscaffold40763100 hibiscus_hamabo HhamSuperscaffold40763100
HhamSuperscaffold40768070 hibiscus_hamabo HhamSuperscaffold40768070
HhamSuperscaffold40779890 hibiscus_hamabo HhamSuperscaffold40779890
HhamSuperscaffold420825610 hibiscus_hamabo HhamSuperscaffold420825610
HhamSuperscaffold50890260 hibiscus_hamabo HhamSuperscaffold50890260
HhamSuperscaffold50902160 hibiscus_hamabo HhamSuperscaffold50902160
HhamSuperscaffold70965690 hibiscus_hamabo HhamSuperscaffold70965690
hippophae_rhamnoides_Hiprha1gene00928 hippophae_rhamnoides hippophae_rhamnoides_Hiprha1gene00928
hippophae_rhamnoides_Hiprha1gene02607 hippophae_rhamnoides hippophae_rhamnoides_Hiprha1gene02607
hippophae_rhamnoides_Hiprha1gene04850 hippophae_rhamnoides hippophae_rhamnoides_Hiprha1gene04850
hippophae_rhamnoides_Hiprha1gene09274 hippophae_rhamnoides hippophae_rhamnoides_Hiprha1gene09274
hippophae_rhamnoides_Hiprha1gene22772 hippophae_rhamnoides hippophae_rhamnoides_Hiprha1gene22772
hippophae_rhamnoides_Hiprha1gene28728 hippophae_rhamnoides hippophae_rhamnoides_Hiprha1gene28728
hirschfeldia_incana_HINC_NIJ_V1_G0021920.1 hirschfeldia_incana hirschfeldia_incana_HINC_NIJ_V1_G0021920.1
hirschfeldia_incana_HINC_NIJ_V1_G0059800.1 hirschfeldia_incana hirschfeldia_incana_HINC_NIJ_V1_G0059800.1
hirschfeldia_incana_HINC_NIJ_V1_G0076210.1 hirschfeldia_incana hirschfeldia_incana_HINC_NIJ_V1_G0076210.1
hirschfeldia_incana_HINC_NIJ_V1_G0100630.1 hirschfeldia_incana hirschfeldia_incana_HINC_NIJ_V1_G0100630.1
hirschfeldia_incana_HINC_NIJ_V1_G0181000.1 hirschfeldia_incana hirschfeldia_incana_HINC_NIJ_V1_G0181000.1
hirschfeldia_incana_HINC_NIJ_V1_G0209940.1 hirschfeldia_incana hirschfeldia_incana_HINC_NIJ_V1_G0209940.1