PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
PAL

PAL

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family PAL.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 752 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Aegilops tauschii
Triticum aestivum
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Flavonoid pathway
Phenylpropanoid pathway
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 7015 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Phenylpropanoid pathway 7015 current-family members Vogt 2010; Vanholme et al. 2013; Tobimatsu & Schuetz 2019; Zhao et al. 2013
Entry backbone
PAL 7015 C4H/CYP73A 432 4CL 25910
Hydroxycinnamoyl and monolignol backbone
HCT 14877 C3'H/CYP98A 10198 CSE 29610 CCoAOMT 6839 CCR 4440
S/G branch and monolignol formation
F5H/CYP84A 306 COMT 22394 CAD 17134
Oxidative polymerization
LAC 28156 POD 122923
Rosmarinic acid pathway 7015 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
juglans_microcarpa_x_regia_XP_041006886.1 juglans_microcarpa_x_regia juglans_microcarpa_x_regia_XP_041006886.1
juglans_microcarpa_x_regia_XP_041009428.1 juglans_microcarpa_x_regia juglans_microcarpa_x_regia_XP_041009428.1
juglans_microcarpa_x_regia_XP_041009556.1 juglans_microcarpa_x_regia juglans_microcarpa_x_regia_XP_041009556.1
juglans_microcarpa_x_regia_XP_041012124.1 juglans_microcarpa_x_regia juglans_microcarpa_x_regia_XP_041012124.1
juglans_microcarpa_x_regia_XP_041023051.1 juglans_microcarpa_x_regia juglans_microcarpa_x_regia_XP_041023051.1
juglans_microcarpa_x_regia_XP_041024402.1 juglans_microcarpa_x_regia juglans_microcarpa_x_regia_XP_041024402.1
JnigC5438150013430.1 juglans_nigra JnigC5438150013430.1
Jnigscaffold24920084150.2 juglans_nigra Jnigscaffold24920084150.2
Jnigscaffold33410126590.1 juglans_nigra Jnigscaffold33410126590.1
Jnigscaffold59480207290.1 juglans_nigra Jnigscaffold59480207290.1
Jnigscaffold64280216980.1 juglans_nigra Jnigscaffold64280216980.1
Jnigscaffold87210268430.1 juglans_nigra Jnigscaffold87210268430.1
Jreg03G0019610.1 juglans_regia Jreg03G0019610.1
Jreg03G0019620.1 juglans_regia Jreg03G0019620.1
Jreg07G0032100.1 juglans_regia Jreg07G0032100.1
Jreg10G0016760.1 juglans_regia Jreg10G0016760.1
Jreg10G0016970.1 juglans_regia Jreg10G0016970.1
Jreg10G0017000.1 juglans_regia Jreg10G0017000.1
Jreg10G0017010.1 juglans_regia Jreg10G0017010.1
Jreg10G0017050.1 juglans_regia Jreg10G0017050.1
Jreg10G0017070.1 juglans_regia Jreg10G0017070.1
Jreg10G0017080.1 juglans_regia Jreg10G0017080.1
Jreg10G0017100.1 juglans_regia Jreg10G0017100.1
Jreg10G0017110.1 juglans_regia Jreg10G0017110.1
Jreg12G0019860.1 juglans_regia Jreg12G0019860.1
Jreg13G0018310.1 juglans_regia Jreg13G0018310.1
Jsigscaffold106400030660.1 juglans_sigillata Jsigscaffold106400030660.1
Jsigscaffold19530063690.1 juglans_sigillata Jsigscaffold19530063690.1
Jsigscaffold24180080900.2 juglans_sigillata Jsigscaffold24180080900.2
Jsigscaffold26040088390.1 juglans_sigillata Jsigscaffold26040088390.1