PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
PAL

PAL

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family PAL.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 752 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Aegilops tauschii
Triticum aestivum
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Flavonoid pathway
Phenylpropanoid pathway
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 7015 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Phenylpropanoid pathway 7015 current-family members Vogt 2010; Vanholme et al. 2013; Tobimatsu & Schuetz 2019; Zhao et al. 2013
Entry backbone
PAL 7015 C4H/CYP73A 432 4CL 25910
Hydroxycinnamoyl and monolignol backbone
HCT 14877 C3'H/CYP98A 10198 CSE 29610 CCoAOMT 6839 CCR 4440
S/G branch and monolignol formation
F5H/CYP84A 306 COMT 22394 CAD 17134
Oxidative polymerization
LAC 28156 POD 122923
Rosmarinic acid pathway 7015 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
Amac1602210059320 andreaeobryum_macrosporum Amac1602210059320
Amac1614640065100 andreaeobryum_macrosporum Amac1614640065100
Amac1657380087400 andreaeobryum_macrosporum Amac1657380087400
Amac1667100095640 andreaeobryum_macrosporum Amac1667100095640
Amac1683120120100 andreaeobryum_macrosporum Amac1683120120100
Amac1687970130970 andreaeobryum_macrosporum Amac1687970130970
Amac1688250131470 andreaeobryum_macrosporum Amac1688250131470
Amac852710135280 andreaeobryum_macrosporum Amac852710135280
andrographis_paniculata_XP_051130325.1 andrographis_paniculata andrographis_paniculata_XP_051130325.1
andrographis_paniculata_XP_051130840.1 andrographis_paniculata andrographis_paniculata_XP_051130840.1
andrographis_paniculata_XP_051132233.1 andrographis_paniculata andrographis_paniculata_XP_051132233.1
angelica_sinensis_AS02G02930-RA angelica_sinensis angelica_sinensis_AS02G02930-RA
angelica_sinensis_AS05G03296-RA angelica_sinensis angelica_sinensis_AS05G03296-RA
angelica_sinensis_AS06G01386-RA angelica_sinensis angelica_sinensis_AS06G01386-RA
angelica_sinensis_AS07G00607-RA angelica_sinensis angelica_sinensis_AS07G00607-RA
angelica_sinensis_AS08G02926-RA angelica_sinensis angelica_sinensis_AS08G02926-RA
anisodus_acutangulus_KAJ8532839.1 anisodus_acutangulus anisodus_acutangulus_KAJ8532839.1
anisodus_acutangulus_KAJ8540237.1 anisodus_acutangulus anisodus_acutangulus_KAJ8540237.1
anisodus_acutangulus_KAJ8542172.1 anisodus_acutangulus anisodus_acutangulus_KAJ8542172.1
anisodus_acutangulus_KAJ8542341.1 anisodus_acutangulus anisodus_acutangulus_KAJ8542341.1
anisodus_acutangulus_KAJ8553908.1 anisodus_acutangulus anisodus_acutangulus_KAJ8553908.1
anisodus_acutangulus_KAJ8570828.1 anisodus_acutangulus anisodus_acutangulus_KAJ8570828.1
annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr1g0019870.1 annona_cherimola annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr1g0019870.1
annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr1g0020320.1 annona_cherimola annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr1g0020320.1
annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr6g0000590.1 annona_cherimola annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr6g0000590.1
annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr6g0000770.1 annona_cherimola annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr6g0000770.1
annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr6g0055710.1 annona_cherimola annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr6g0055710.1
annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr7g0010930.1 annona_cherimola annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr7g0010930.1
annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr7g0038940.1 annona_cherimola annona_cherimola_Anche102Chr7g0038940.1
annona_cherimola_Anche102Scf0002g0001500.1 annona_cherimola annona_cherimola_Anche102Scf0002g0001500.1