PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
PAL

PAL

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family PAL.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 752 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 7015 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
Flavonoid scaffold formation
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
Phenylpropanoid pathway 7015 current-family members Vogt 2010; Vanholme et al. 2013; Tobimatsu & Schuetz 2019; Zhao et al. 2013
Rosmarinic acid pathway 7015 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
Tyrosine acceptor branch
Condensation and hydroxylation
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
castanopsis_hystrix_GWHPBWDD016629 castanopsis_hystrix castanopsis_hystrix_GWHPBWDD016629
castanopsis_hystrix_GWHPBWDD030024 castanopsis_hystrix castanopsis_hystrix_GWHPBWDD030024
casuarina_equisetifolia_CCG005947 casuarina_equisetifolia casuarina_equisetifolia_CCG005947
casuarina_equisetifolia_CCG009757 casuarina_equisetifolia casuarina_equisetifolia_CCG009757
casuarina_equisetifolia_CCG012235 casuarina_equisetifolia casuarina_equisetifolia_CCG012235
casuarina_equisetifolia_CCG025597 casuarina_equisetifolia casuarina_equisetifolia_CCG025597
Cglascaffold1450038760 casuarina_glauca Cglascaffold1450038760
Cglascaffold1450038780 casuarina_glauca Cglascaffold1450038780
Cglascaffold1450038820 casuarina_glauca Cglascaffold1450038820
Cglascaffold1520046720 casuarina_glauca Cglascaffold1520046720
Cglascaffold2440093140 casuarina_glauca Cglascaffold2440093140
Cglascaffold2590099640 casuarina_glauca Cglascaffold2590099640
Cglascaffold2590099650 casuarina_glauca Cglascaffold2590099650
Cglascaffold2590099660 casuarina_glauca Cglascaffold2590099660
Cglascaffold2590099670 casuarina_glauca Cglascaffold2590099670
Cglascaffold2590099680 casuarina_glauca Cglascaffold2590099680
Cglascaffold30260125350 casuarina_glauca Cglascaffold30260125350
Cglascaffold310136140 casuarina_glauca Cglascaffold310136140
Cglascaffold3710159350 casuarina_glauca Cglascaffold3710159350
Cglascaffold7710233650 casuarina_glauca Cglascaffold7710233650
Cglascaffold80240230 casuarina_glauca Cglascaffold80240230
Cglascaffold980260270 casuarina_glauca Cglascaffold980260270
Cnit1682490008650 catagonium_nitens Cnit1682490008650
Cnit2377830072750 catagonium_nitens Cnit2377830072750
Cnit2489610118310 catagonium_nitens Cnit2489610118310
Cnit2535900141150 catagonium_nitens Cnit2535900141150
Cnit2539810147910 catagonium_nitens Cnit2539810147910
Cnit2565820171020 catagonium_nitens Cnit2565820171020
Cnit2580570188220 catagonium_nitens Cnit2580570188220
Cnit2580570188240 catagonium_nitens Cnit2580570188240