PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
PAL

PAL

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family PAL.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 752 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 7015 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
Flavonoid scaffold formation
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
Phenylpropanoid pathway 7015 current-family members Vogt 2010; Vanholme et al. 2013; Tobimatsu & Schuetz 2019; Zhao et al. 2013
Rosmarinic acid pathway 7015 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
Tyrosine acceptor branch
Condensation and hydroxylation
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
Cnit2580570188280 catagonium_nitens Cnit2580570188280
Cnit2586220192730 catagonium_nitens Cnit2586220192730
Cnit2590510200610 catagonium_nitens Cnit2590510200610
Cnit2602350217550 catagonium_nitens Cnit2602350217550
Cnit2612730235020 catagonium_nitens Cnit2612730235020
Cnit2630140247230 catagonium_nitens Cnit2630140247230
Cnit2630140247250 catagonium_nitens Cnit2630140247250
catharanthus_roseus_CRO_T013529 catharanthus_roseus catharanthus_roseus_CRO_T013529
catharanthus_roseus_CRO_T014960 catharanthus_roseus catharanthus_roseus_CRO_T014960
catharanthus_roseus_CRO_T024761 catharanthus_roseus catharanthus_roseus_CRO_T024761
CEame01G0014750 cenchrus_americanus CEame01G0014750
CEame03G0012890 cenchrus_americanus CEame03G0012890
CEame03G0012910 cenchrus_americanus CEame03G0012910
CEame03G0013640 cenchrus_americanus CEame03G0013640
CEame03G0013800 cenchrus_americanus CEame03G0013800
CEame03G0046530 cenchrus_americanus CEame03G0046530
CEame03G0046550 cenchrus_americanus CEame03G0046550
CEame03G0046560 cenchrus_americanus CEame03G0046560
cenchrus_fungigraminus_GWHPBWDX002098.1 cenchrus_fungigraminus cenchrus_fungigraminus_GWHPBWDX002098.1
cenchrus_fungigraminus_GWHPBWDX009382.1 cenchrus_fungigraminus cenchrus_fungigraminus_GWHPBWDX009382.1
cenchrus_fungigraminus_GWHPBWDX020944.1 cenchrus_fungigraminus cenchrus_fungigraminus_GWHPBWDX020944.1
cenchrus_fungigraminus_GWHPBWDX025481.1 cenchrus_fungigraminus cenchrus_fungigraminus_GWHPBWDX025481.1
cenchrus_fungigraminus_GWHPBWDX025482.1 cenchrus_fungigraminus cenchrus_fungigraminus_GWHPBWDX025482.1
cenchrus_fungigraminus_GWHPBWDX025483.1 cenchrus_fungigraminus cenchrus_fungigraminus_GWHPBWDX025483.1
cenchrus_fungigraminus_GWHPBWDX025484.1 cenchrus_fungigraminus cenchrus_fungigraminus_GWHPBWDX025484.1
cenchrus_fungigraminus_GWHPBWDX028307.1 cenchrus_fungigraminus cenchrus_fungigraminus_GWHPBWDX028307.1
cenchrus_fungigraminus_GWHPBWDX028312.1 cenchrus_fungigraminus cenchrus_fungigraminus_GWHPBWDX028312.1
cenchrus_fungigraminus_GWHPBWDX031117.1 cenchrus_fungigraminus cenchrus_fungigraminus_GWHPBWDX031117.1
cenchrus_fungigraminus_GWHPBWDX031118.1 cenchrus_fungigraminus cenchrus_fungigraminus_GWHPBWDX031118.1
cenchrus_fungigraminus_GWHPBWDX031119.1 cenchrus_fungigraminus cenchrus_fungigraminus_GWHPBWDX031119.1