PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
Flavonoid portable pathway

Flavonoid portable pathway

Category：Flavonoid pathway

Flavonoid pathway definition imported from the 2026-05-17 portable BLAST/HMM package.

Representative Flavonoid Reaction Route
Phenylpropanoid entry, flavonoid scaffold, and anthocyanin branches. The flavonoid pathway is branched; this view arranges the main scaffold and common branches into a readable representative route without forcing all branches into one linear pathway.
9 curated steps/modules
From Phenylpropanoid Entry To Flavonoid Scaffold
01
Substrate
L-Phenylalanine
C9H11NO2
C6H5-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH
Deamination to the cinnamate entry point
PAL1926
Product
trans-Cinnamic acid
C9H8O2
C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
PAL commits L-phenylalanine to the phenylpropanoid entry route that supplies the flavonoid acyl donor.
02
Substrate
trans-Cinnamic acid
C9H8O2
C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
Para-hydroxylation of cinnamate
C4H367
Product
p-Coumaric acid
C9H8O3
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-COOH
C4H/CYP73A hydroxylates cinnamate to p-coumarate, a required phenylpropanoid step toward the flavonoid donor.
03
Substrate
p-Coumaric acid
C9H8O3
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-COOH
Substrate
CoA
C21H36N7O16P3S
CoA-SH
CoA ligation to form the flavonoid acyl donor
4CL3447
Product
p-Coumaroyl-CoA
C30H38N7O18P3S
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
4CL activates p-coumarate to p-coumaroyl-CoA for CHS-mediated flavonoid scaffold formation.
04
Substrate
p-Coumaroyl-CoA
C30H38N7O18P3S
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
Substrate
Malonyl-CoA
C24H38N7O19P3S
HOOC-CH2-C(=O)-SCoA
Condensation of the C6-C3-C6 scaffold
CHS2269
Product
Naringenin chalcone
C15H12O5
HO-Ar-CO-CH=CH-Ar-(OH)2
CHS condenses one p-coumaroyl-CoA with three malonyl-CoA units to form a chalcone scaffold.
05
Substrate
Naringenin chalcone
C15H12O5
HO-Ar-CO-CH=CH-Ar-(OH)2
Chalcone cyclization
CHI1333
Product
Naringenin
C15H12O5
flavanone C6-C3-C6 ring
CHI converts the open-chain chalcone into the flavanone core.
06
Substrate
Naringenin
C15H12O5
flavanone C6-C3-C6 ring
C-ring 3-hydroxylation to dihydroflavonols
F3H1578
Product
Dihydrokaempferol
C15H12O6
dihydroflavonol C-ring
F3H is a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase that converts flavanones into the dihydroflavonol pool.
07
Substrate
Flavanones/dihydroflavonols
C15H12O5-6
C6-C3-C6 oxygen heterocycle
B-ring hydroxylation shapes flavonoid hydroxylation patterns
F3'H/CYP75B700 F3'5'H/CYP75A235
Product
B-ring hydroxylated flavonoid intermediates
C15H12O6-7
3'/3'5'-hydroxylated flavonoids
CYP75B/F3'H and CYP75A/F3'5'H alter B-ring hydroxylation and generate precursors for quercetin- and myricetin-type branches.
Flavone, Anthocyanin, And Proanthocyanidin Branches
08
Substrate
Flavanones/dihydroflavonols
C15 flavonoids
C6-C3-C6 oxygen heterocycle
Flavone, isoflavonoid, and flavonol branches
FNS27 IFS22 IFR745 FLS6
Product
Flavones/isoflavones/flavonols
C15H10O5-7
oxidized C6-C3-C6 flavonoids
Branch enzymes route shared intermediates into distinct flavonoid subclasses.
09
Substrate
Dihydroflavonols
C15H12O6-7
dihydroflavonol C-ring
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin direction
DFR334 ANS/LDOX825 UFGT3376 ANR37
Product
Anthocyanin glycosides/proanthocyanidins
C15 glycosides/polymers
flavylium-glycoside / flavan-3-ol polymer
DFR/ANS/UFGT/ANR route the dihydroflavonol pool toward pigments and condensed tannins.
Lineage Distribution
Assignments under this module are distributed across the following plant lineages.
All Lineages Bryophytes (17227)
Current lineage filter: Bryophytes. All species, family, module, and gene statistics below have been narrowed to this lineage.
Algae
Hits0
Bryophytes
Hits17227
Lycophytes/Ferns
Hits0
Gymnosperms
Hits0
Basal angiosperms
Hits0
Monocots
Hits0
Eudicots
Hits0
Species Distribution
Bryum knowltonii
Anthoceros agrestis Oxford
Archidium alternifolium
Raddia guianensis
Calliergon cordifolium
Acrobolbus urvilleanus
Funaria hygrometrica
Buxbaumia aphylla
Homaliodendron scalpellifolium
Anthoceros punctatus
Lineage Summary
Bryophytes
17227
Module Gene List
Reset
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
Asubscaffold_90279270 aerobryopsis_subdivergens Asubscaffold_90279270
Arupctg000305_np121212120003350 andreaea_rupestris Arupctg000305_np121212120003350
Arupctg000305_np121212120003420 andreaea_rupestris Arupctg000305_np121212120003420
Arupctg000305_np121212120003430 andreaea_rupestris Arupctg000305_np121212120003430
Arupctg000393_np121212120004210 andreaea_rupestris Arupctg000393_np121212120004210
Arupctg000506_np121212120007440 andreaea_rupestris Arupctg000506_np121212120007440
Arupctg000563_np121212120008650 andreaea_rupestris Arupctg000563_np121212120008650
Arupctg000580_np121212120010580 andreaea_rupestris Arupctg000580_np121212120010580
Arupctg000598_np121212120013160 andreaea_rupestris Arupctg000598_np121212120013160
Arupctg000614_np121212120017580 andreaea_rupestris Arupctg000614_np121212120017580
Arupctg000626_np121212120019790 andreaea_rupestris Arupctg000626_np121212120019790
Arupctg000633_np121212120021630 andreaea_rupestris Arupctg000633_np121212120021630
Arupctg000643_np121212120022780 andreaea_rupestris Arupctg000643_np121212120022780
Arupctg000650_np121212120023320 andreaea_rupestris Arupctg000650_np121212120023320
Arupctg000651_np121212120023990 andreaea_rupestris Arupctg000651_np121212120023990
Arupctg000652_np121212120024860 andreaea_rupestris Arupctg000652_np121212120024860
Arupctg000685_np121212120033960 andreaea_rupestris Arupctg000685_np121212120033960
Arupctg000685_np121212120033980 andreaea_rupestris Arupctg000685_np121212120033980
Arupctg000685_np121212120033990 andreaea_rupestris Arupctg000685_np121212120033990
Arupctg000685_np121212120034240 andreaea_rupestris Arupctg000685_np121212120034240
Arupctg000685_np121212120035060 andreaea_rupestris Arupctg000685_np121212120035060
Arupctg000699_np121212120040350 andreaea_rupestris Arupctg000699_np121212120040350
Arupctg000699_np121212120040390 andreaea_rupestris Arupctg000699_np121212120040390
Arupctg000699_np121212120040480 andreaea_rupestris Arupctg000699_np121212120040480
Arupctg000699_np121212120040500 andreaea_rupestris Arupctg000699_np121212120040500
Arupctg000699_np121212120040530 andreaea_rupestris Arupctg000699_np121212120040530
Arupctg000707_np121212120042640 andreaea_rupestris Arupctg000707_np121212120042640
Arupctg000707_np121212120042680 andreaea_rupestris Arupctg000707_np121212120042680
Arupctg000736_np121212120045980 andreaea_rupestris Arupctg000736_np121212120045980
Arupctg000736_np121212120046070 andreaea_rupestris Arupctg000736_np121212120046070