PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
Flavonoid portable pathway

Flavonoid portable pathway

Flavonoid pathway definition imported from the 2026-05-17 portable BLAST/HMM package.

Representative Flavonoid Reaction Route
Phenylpropanoid entry, flavonoid scaffold, and anthocyanin branches. The flavonoid pathway is branched; this view arranges the main scaffold and common branches into a readable representative route without forcing all branches into one linear pathway.
9 curated steps/modules
From Phenylpropanoid Entry To Flavonoid Scaffold
01
Substrate
L-Phenylalanine
C9H11NO2
C6H5-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH
Deamination to the cinnamate entry point
Product
trans-Cinnamic acid
C9H8O2
C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
PAL commits L-phenylalanine to the phenylpropanoid entry route that supplies the flavonoid acyl donor.
02
Substrate
trans-Cinnamic acid
C9H8O2
C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
Para-hydroxylation of cinnamate
Product
p-Coumaric acid
C9H8O3
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-COOH
C4H/CYP73A hydroxylates cinnamate to p-coumarate, a required phenylpropanoid step toward the flavonoid donor.
03
Substrate
p-Coumaric acid
C9H8O3
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-COOH
Substrate
CoA
C21H36N7O16P3S
CoA-SH
CoA ligation to form the flavonoid acyl donor
Product
p-Coumaroyl-CoA
C30H38N7O18P3S
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
4CL activates p-coumarate to p-coumaroyl-CoA for CHS-mediated flavonoid scaffold formation.
04
Substrate
p-Coumaroyl-CoA
C30H38N7O18P3S
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
Substrate
Malonyl-CoA
C24H38N7O19P3S
HOOC-CH2-C(=O)-SCoA
Condensation of the C6-C3-C6 scaffold
Product
Naringenin chalcone
C15H12O5
HO-Ar-CO-CH=CH-Ar-(OH)2
CHS condenses one p-coumaroyl-CoA with three malonyl-CoA units to form a chalcone scaffold.
05
Substrate
Naringenin chalcone
C15H12O5
HO-Ar-CO-CH=CH-Ar-(OH)2
Chalcone cyclization
Product
Naringenin
C15H12O5
flavanone C6-C3-C6 ring
CHI converts the open-chain chalcone into the flavanone core.
06
Substrate
Naringenin
C15H12O5
flavanone C6-C3-C6 ring
C-ring 3-hydroxylation to dihydroflavonols
Product
Dihydrokaempferol
C15H12O6
dihydroflavonol C-ring
F3H is a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase that converts flavanones into the dihydroflavonol pool.
07
Substrate
Flavanones/dihydroflavonols
C15H12O5-6
C6-C3-C6 oxygen heterocycle
B-ring hydroxylation shapes flavonoid hydroxylation patterns
Product
B-ring hydroxylated flavonoid intermediates
C15H12O6-7
3'/3'5'-hydroxylated flavonoids
CYP75B/F3'H and CYP75A/F3'5'H alter B-ring hydroxylation and generate precursors for quercetin- and myricetin-type branches.
Flavone, Anthocyanin, And Proanthocyanidin Branches
08
Substrate
Flavanones/dihydroflavonols
C15 flavonoids
C6-C3-C6 oxygen heterocycle
Flavone, isoflavonoid, and flavonol branches
Product
Flavones/isoflavones/flavonols
C15H10O5-7
oxidized C6-C3-C6 flavonoids
Branch enzymes route shared intermediates into distinct flavonoid subclasses.
09
Substrate
Dihydroflavonols
C15H12O6-7
dihydroflavonol C-ring
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin direction
Product
Anthocyanin glycosides/proanthocyanidins
C15 glycosides/polymers
flavylium-glycoside / flavan-3-ol polymer
DFR/ANS/UFGT/ANR route the dihydroflavonol pool toward pigments and condensed tannins.
Lineage Distribution
Assignments under this module are distributed across the following plant lineages.
Module Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB012140 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB012140
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB012141 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB012141
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB012142 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB012142
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB012144 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB012144
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB012171 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB012171
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB012172 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB012172
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB012181 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB012181
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB012388 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB012388
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB012482 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB012482
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB012484 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB012484
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB012485 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB012485
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB012486 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB012486
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB012751 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB012751
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB012918 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB012918
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB012919 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB012919
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB013031 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB013031
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB013036 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB013036
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB013120 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB013120
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB013163 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB013163
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB013254 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB013254
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB013282 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB013282
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB013283 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB013283
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB013284 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB013284
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB013285 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB013285
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB013582 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB013582
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB014663 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB014663
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB014665 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB014665
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB014669 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB014669
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB014857 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB014857
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB014858 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB014858