PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
Flavonoid portable pathway

Flavonoid portable pathway

Flavonoid pathway definition imported from the 2026-05-17 portable BLAST/HMM package.

Representative Flavonoid Reaction Route
Phenylpropanoid entry, flavonoid scaffold, and anthocyanin branches. The flavonoid pathway is branched; this view arranges the main scaffold and common branches into a readable representative route without forcing all branches into one linear pathway.
9 curated steps/modules
From Phenylpropanoid Entry To Flavonoid Scaffold
01
Substrate
L-Phenylalanine
C9H11NO2
C6H5-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH
Deamination to the cinnamate entry point
Product
trans-Cinnamic acid
C9H8O2
C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
PAL commits L-phenylalanine to the phenylpropanoid entry route that supplies the flavonoid acyl donor.
02
Substrate
trans-Cinnamic acid
C9H8O2
C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
Para-hydroxylation of cinnamate
Product
p-Coumaric acid
C9H8O3
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-COOH
C4H/CYP73A hydroxylates cinnamate to p-coumarate, a required phenylpropanoid step toward the flavonoid donor.
03
Substrate
p-Coumaric acid
C9H8O3
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-COOH
Substrate
CoA
C21H36N7O16P3S
CoA-SH
CoA ligation to form the flavonoid acyl donor
Product
p-Coumaroyl-CoA
C30H38N7O18P3S
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
4CL activates p-coumarate to p-coumaroyl-CoA for CHS-mediated flavonoid scaffold formation.
04
Substrate
p-Coumaroyl-CoA
C30H38N7O18P3S
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
Substrate
Malonyl-CoA
C24H38N7O19P3S
HOOC-CH2-C(=O)-SCoA
Condensation of the C6-C3-C6 scaffold
Product
Naringenin chalcone
C15H12O5
HO-Ar-CO-CH=CH-Ar-(OH)2
CHS condenses one p-coumaroyl-CoA with three malonyl-CoA units to form a chalcone scaffold.
05
Substrate
Naringenin chalcone
C15H12O5
HO-Ar-CO-CH=CH-Ar-(OH)2
Chalcone cyclization
Product
Naringenin
C15H12O5
flavanone C6-C3-C6 ring
CHI converts the open-chain chalcone into the flavanone core.
06
Substrate
Naringenin
C15H12O5
flavanone C6-C3-C6 ring
C-ring 3-hydroxylation to dihydroflavonols
Product
Dihydrokaempferol
C15H12O6
dihydroflavonol C-ring
F3H is a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase that converts flavanones into the dihydroflavonol pool.
07
Substrate
Flavanones/dihydroflavonols
C15H12O5-6
C6-C3-C6 oxygen heterocycle
B-ring hydroxylation shapes flavonoid hydroxylation patterns
Product
B-ring hydroxylated flavonoid intermediates
C15H12O6-7
3'/3'5'-hydroxylated flavonoids
CYP75B/F3'H and CYP75A/F3'5'H alter B-ring hydroxylation and generate precursors for quercetin- and myricetin-type branches.
Flavone, Anthocyanin, And Proanthocyanidin Branches
08
Substrate
Flavanones/dihydroflavonols
C15 flavonoids
C6-C3-C6 oxygen heterocycle
Flavone, isoflavonoid, and flavonol branches
Product
Flavones/isoflavones/flavonols
C15H10O5-7
oxidized C6-C3-C6 flavonoids
Branch enzymes route shared intermediates into distinct flavonoid subclasses.
09
Substrate
Dihydroflavonols
C15H12O6-7
dihydroflavonol C-ring
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin direction
Product
Anthocyanin glycosides/proanthocyanidins
C15 glycosides/polymers
flavylium-glycoside / flavan-3-ol polymer
DFR/ANS/UFGT/ANR route the dihydroflavonol pool toward pigments and condensed tannins.
Lineage Distribution
Assignments under this module are distributed across the following plant lineages.
Module Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB089488 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB089488
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB089489 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB089489
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB089490 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB089490
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB089632 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB089632
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB089633 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB089633
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB089634 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB089634
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB089682 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB089682
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB089762 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB089762
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB089974 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB089974
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB090023 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB090023
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB090379 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB090379
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB090716 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB090716
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB091061 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB091061
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB091062 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB091062
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB091158 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB091158
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB091404 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB091404
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB091421 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB091421
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB091422 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB091422
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB091427 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB091427
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB091466 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB091466
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB091832 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB091832
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB091833 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB091833
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB092090 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB092090
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB092096 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB092096
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB092097 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB092097
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB092098 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB092098
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB092100 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB092100
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB092264 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB092264
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB092444 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB092444
actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB092546 actinidia_zhejiangensis actinidia_zhejiangensis_GWHPCBQB092546