PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
Flavonoid portable pathway

Flavonoid portable pathway

Category：Flavonoid pathway

Flavonoid pathway definition imported from the 2026-05-17 portable BLAST/HMM package.

Representative Flavonoid Reaction Route
Phenylpropanoid entry, flavonoid scaffold, and anthocyanin branches. The flavonoid pathway is branched; this view arranges the main scaffold and common branches into a readable representative route without forcing all branches into one linear pathway.
9 curated steps/modules
From Phenylpropanoid Entry To Flavonoid Scaffold
01
Substrate
L-Phenylalanine
C9H11NO2
C6H5-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH
Deamination to the cinnamate entry point
PAL7015
Product
trans-Cinnamic acid
C9H8O2
C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
PAL commits L-phenylalanine to the phenylpropanoid entry route that supplies the flavonoid acyl donor.
02
Substrate
trans-Cinnamic acid
C9H8O2
C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
Para-hydroxylation of cinnamate
C4H464
Product
p-Coumaric acid
C9H8O3
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-COOH
C4H/CYP73A hydroxylates cinnamate to p-coumarate, a required phenylpropanoid step toward the flavonoid donor.
03
Substrate
p-Coumaric acid
C9H8O3
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-COOH
Substrate
CoA
C21H36N7O16P3S
CoA-SH
CoA ligation to form the flavonoid acyl donor
4CL25907
Product
p-Coumaroyl-CoA
C30H38N7O18P3S
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
4CL activates p-coumarate to p-coumaroyl-CoA for CHS-mediated flavonoid scaffold formation.
04
Substrate
p-Coumaroyl-CoA
C30H38N7O18P3S
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
Substrate
Malonyl-CoA
C24H38N7O19P3S
HOOC-CH2-C(=O)-SCoA
Condensation of the C6-C3-C6 scaffold
CHS11738
Product
Naringenin chalcone
C15H12O5
HO-Ar-CO-CH=CH-Ar-(OH)2
CHS condenses one p-coumaroyl-CoA with three malonyl-CoA units to form a chalcone scaffold.
05
Substrate
Naringenin chalcone
C15H12O5
HO-Ar-CO-CH=CH-Ar-(OH)2
Chalcone cyclization
CHI3089
Product
Naringenin
C15H12O5
flavanone C6-C3-C6 ring
CHI converts the open-chain chalcone into the flavanone core.
06
Substrate
Naringenin
C15H12O5
flavanone C6-C3-C6 ring
C-ring 3-hydroxylation to dihydroflavonols
F3H4697
Product
Dihydrokaempferol
C15H12O6
dihydroflavonol C-ring
F3H is a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase that converts flavanones into the dihydroflavonol pool.
07
Substrate
Flavanones/dihydroflavonols
C15H12O5-6
C6-C3-C6 oxygen heterocycle
B-ring hydroxylation shapes flavonoid hydroxylation patterns
F3'H/CYP75B1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A247
Product
B-ring hydroxylated flavonoid intermediates
C15H12O6-7
3'/3'5'-hydroxylated flavonoids
CYP75B/F3'H and CYP75A/F3'5'H alter B-ring hydroxylation and generate precursors for quercetin- and myricetin-type branches.
Flavone, Anthocyanin, And Proanthocyanidin Branches
08
Substrate
Flavanones/dihydroflavonols
C15 flavonoids
C6-C3-C6 oxygen heterocycle
Flavone, isoflavonoid, and flavonol branches
FNS359 IFS541 IFR11814 FLS124
Product
Flavones/isoflavones/flavonols
C15H10O5-7
oxidized C6-C3-C6 flavonoids
Branch enzymes route shared intermediates into distinct flavonoid subclasses.
09
Substrate
Dihydroflavonols
C15H12O6-7
dihydroflavonol C-ring
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin direction
DFR1310 ANS/LDOX1019 UFGT106747 ANR1183
Product
Anthocyanin glycosides/proanthocyanidins
C15 glycosides/polymers
flavylium-glycoside / flavan-3-ol polymer
DFR/ANS/UFGT/ANR route the dihydroflavonol pool toward pigments and condensed tannins.
Lineage Distribution
Assignments under this module are distributed across the following plant lineages.
All Lineages Algae (327) Bryophytes (11036) Lycophytes/Ferns (622) Gymnosperms (2088) Basal angiosperms (2815) Monocots (36340) Eudicots (124277)
Algae
Hits327
Bryophytes
Hits11036
Lycophytes/Ferns
Hits622
Gymnosperms
Hits2088
Basal angiosperms
Hits2815
Monocots
Hits36340
Eudicots
Hits124277
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Hordeum vulgare
Aegilops tauschii
Rhynchospora pubera
Avena sativa
Fragaria ananassa
Eragrostis nindensis
Pinus taeda
Diospyros kaki
Lineage Summary
Algae
327
Bryophytes
11036
Lycophytes/Ferns
622
Gymnosperms
2088
Basal angiosperms
2815
Monocots
36340
Eudicots
124277
Module Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.2532 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.2532
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.2601 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.2601
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.2602 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.2602
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.2605 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.2605
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.2613 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.2613
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.2629 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.2629
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.2635 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.2635
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.2697 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.2697
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.2906 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.2906
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.3042 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.3042
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.3211 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.3211
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.3453 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.3453
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.3501 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.3501
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.3607 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.3607
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.635 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.635
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.636 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.636
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.637 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.637
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.638 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.638
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.847 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.847
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.89 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.89
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.947 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.947
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr6.1090 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr6.1090
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr6.1108 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr6.1108
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr6.1168 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr6.1168
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr6.1305 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr6.1305
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr6.1544 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr6.1544
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr6.1546 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr6.1546
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr6.1563 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr6.1563
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr6.1564 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr6.1564
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr6.1582 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr6.1582