PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
Phenylpropanoid portable pathway

Phenylpropanoid portable pathway

Category：Phenylpropanoid pathway

Phenylpropanoid pathway definition imported from the 2026-05-17 portable BLAST/HMM package.

Representative Phenylpropanoid Reaction Route
Entry backbone to monolignol/lignin branches. Substrates, products, and condensed structural formulae show representative conversions; resolved reactions are shown as single enzymes, whereas multi-enzyme branches are shown as curated modules. Member counts come from public annotations.
6 curated steps/modules
Entry Backbone And Lignin Direction
01
Substrate
L-Phenylalanine
C9H11NO2
C6H5-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH
Deamination to form the phenylpropene acid scaffold
PAL105
Product
trans-Cinnamic acid
C9H8O2
C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
PAL commits the amino-acid substrate to phenylpropanoid metabolism.
02
Substrate
trans-Cinnamic acid
C9H8O2
C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
Para-hydroxylation of the aromatic ring
C4H12
Product
p-Coumaric acid
C9H8O3
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-COOH
C4H/CYP73A introduces the 4-hydroxyl group for downstream CoA activation.
03
Substrate
p-Coumaric acid
C9H8O3
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-COOH
Substrate
CoA
C21H36N7O16P3S
CoA-SH
CoA ligation and activation
4CL309
Product
p-Coumaroyl-CoA
C30H38N7O18P3S
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
4CL converts the free acid into a thioester used by condensation, acyltransfer, and reduction reactions.
04
Substrate
p-Coumaroyl-CoA
C30H38N7O18P3S
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
Hydroxylation, acyl transfer, and methylation
HCT41 C3'H/CYP98A671 CSE272 CCoAOMT44
Product
Feruloyl-CoA-type intermediates
C31H40N7O19P3S
3-MeO-4-HO-C6H3-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
This segment remodels the p-coumaroyl scaffold into caffeoyl/feruloyl-type intermediates.
05
Substrate
Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA
C30-31 CoA thioesters
Ar-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
Reduction and S/G monolignol formation
CCR262 CAD165 F5H/CYP84A13 COMT64
Product
Coniferyl/sinapyl alcohol
C10H12O3 / C11H14O4
Ar-CH=CH-CH2OH
CCR/CAD and related steps route CoA thioesters toward monolignol monomers.
06
Substrate
Monolignols
C9-C11 phenylpropanoids
Ar-CH=CH-CH2OH
Oxidative coupling and polymerization
LAC195 POD3241
Product
Lignin polymer
(C9 unit)n
[Ar-C3]n ether/C-C polymer
LAC/POD oxidatively couple monolignols into lignin polymers.
Lineage Distribution
Assignments under this module are distributed across the following plant lineages.
All Lineages Algae (5394)
Current lineage filter: Algae. All species, family, module, and gene statistics below have been narrowed to this lineage.
Algae
Hits5394
Bryophytes
Hits0
Lycophytes/Ferns
Hits0
Gymnosperms
Hits0
Basal angiosperms
Hits0
Monocots
Hits0
Eudicots
Hits0
Species Distribution
Chara braunii
Chromochloris zofingiensis
Botryococcus braunii
Penium margaritaceum
Takakia lepidozioides
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Chlamydomonas schloesseri
Ptychomnion cygnisetum
Dunaliella salina
Caulerpa lentillifera
Lineage Summary
Algae
5394
Module Gene List
Reset
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
TlepHiC_scaffold_20024440 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20024440
TlepHiC_scaffold_20025200 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20025200
TlepHiC_scaffold_20025740 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20025740
TlepHiC_scaffold_20026740 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20026740
TlepHiC_scaffold_20027560 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20027560
TlepHiC_scaffold_20033640 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20033640
TlepHiC_scaffold_20034480 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20034480
TlepHiC_scaffold_20035590 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20035590
TlepHiC_scaffold_20035950 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20035950
TlepHiC_scaffold_20043500 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20043500
TlepHiC_scaffold_20044910 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20044910
TlepHiC_scaffold_20045570 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20045570
TlepHiC_scaffold_20048110 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20048110
TlepHiC_scaffold_20048820 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20048820
TlepHiC_scaffold_20049540 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20049540
TlepHiC_scaffold_20050830 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20050830
TlepHiC_scaffold_20050860 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20050860
TlepHiC_scaffold_20051760 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20051760
TlepHiC_scaffold_20051770 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20051770
TlepHiC_scaffold_20051980 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20051980
TlepHiC_scaffold_20056420 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20056420
TlepHiC_scaffold_20056920 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20056920
TlepHiC_scaffold_20057650 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20057650
TlepHiC_scaffold_20058040 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20058040
TlepHiC_scaffold_20059910 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20059910
TlepHiC_scaffold_20062700 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20062700
TlepHiC_scaffold_20064940 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20064940
TlepHiC_scaffold_20067970 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20067970
TlepHiC_scaffold_20072790 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20072790
TlepHiC_scaffold_20073430 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20073430