PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
Phenylpropanoid portable pathway

Phenylpropanoid portable pathway

Category：Phenylpropanoid pathway

Phenylpropanoid pathway definition imported from the 2026-05-17 portable BLAST/HMM package.

Representative Phenylpropanoid Reaction Route
Entry backbone to monolignol/lignin branches. Substrates, products, and condensed structural formulae show representative conversions; resolved reactions are shown as single enzymes, whereas multi-enzyme branches are shown as curated modules. Member counts come from public annotations.
6 curated steps/modules
Entry Backbone And Lignin Direction
01
Substrate
L-Phenylalanine
C9H11NO2
C6H5-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH
Deamination to form the phenylpropene acid scaffold
PAL105
Product
trans-Cinnamic acid
C9H8O2
C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
PAL commits the amino-acid substrate to phenylpropanoid metabolism.
02
Substrate
trans-Cinnamic acid
C9H8O2
C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
Para-hydroxylation of the aromatic ring
C4H12
Product
p-Coumaric acid
C9H8O3
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-COOH
C4H/CYP73A introduces the 4-hydroxyl group for downstream CoA activation.
03
Substrate
p-Coumaric acid
C9H8O3
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-COOH
Substrate
CoA
C21H36N7O16P3S
CoA-SH
CoA ligation and activation
4CL309
Product
p-Coumaroyl-CoA
C30H38N7O18P3S
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
4CL converts the free acid into a thioester used by condensation, acyltransfer, and reduction reactions.
04
Substrate
p-Coumaroyl-CoA
C30H38N7O18P3S
4-HO-C6H4-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
Hydroxylation, acyl transfer, and methylation
HCT41 C3'H/CYP98A671 CSE272 CCoAOMT44
Product
Feruloyl-CoA-type intermediates
C31H40N7O19P3S
3-MeO-4-HO-C6H3-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
This segment remodels the p-coumaroyl scaffold into caffeoyl/feruloyl-type intermediates.
05
Substrate
Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA
C30-31 CoA thioesters
Ar-CH=CH-C(=O)-SCoA
Reduction and S/G monolignol formation
CCR262 CAD165 F5H/CYP84A13 COMT64
Product
Coniferyl/sinapyl alcohol
C10H12O3 / C11H14O4
Ar-CH=CH-CH2OH
CCR/CAD and related steps route CoA thioesters toward monolignol monomers.
06
Substrate
Monolignols
C9-C11 phenylpropanoids
Ar-CH=CH-CH2OH
Oxidative coupling and polymerization
LAC195 POD3241
Product
Lignin polymer
(C9 unit)n
[Ar-C3]n ether/C-C polymer
LAC/POD oxidatively couple monolignols into lignin polymers.
Lineage Distribution
Assignments under this module are distributed across the following plant lineages.
All Lineages Algae (5394)
Current lineage filter: Algae. All species, family, module, and gene statistics below have been narrowed to this lineage.
Algae
Hits5394
Bryophytes
Hits0
Lycophytes/Ferns
Hits0
Gymnosperms
Hits0
Basal angiosperms
Hits0
Monocots
Hits0
Eudicots
Hits0
Species Distribution
Chara braunii
Chromochloris zofingiensis
Botryococcus braunii
Penium margaritaceum
Takakia lepidozioides
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Chlamydomonas schloesseri
Ptychomnion cygnisetum
Dunaliella salina
Caulerpa lentillifera
Lineage Summary
Algae
5394
Module Gene List
Reset
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
TlepHiC_scaffold_20073700 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20073700
TlepHiC_scaffold_20073720 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20073720
TlepHiC_scaffold_20073730 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20073730
TlepHiC_scaffold_20073740 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20073740
TlepHiC_scaffold_20073770 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20073770
TlepHiC_scaffold_20073860 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20073860
TlepHiC_scaffold_20073880 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20073880
TlepHiC_scaffold_20074080 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20074080
TlepHiC_scaffold_20074100 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20074100
TlepHiC_scaffold_20074120 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20074120
TlepHiC_scaffold_20074130 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20074130
TlepHiC_scaffold_20074900 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20074900
TlepHiC_scaffold_20075850 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20075850
TlepHiC_scaffold_20075870 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20075870
TlepHiC_scaffold_20075930 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20075930
TlepHiC_scaffold_20076800 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20076800
TlepHiC_scaffold_20076810 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20076810
TlepHiC_scaffold_20077650 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20077650
TlepHiC_scaffold_20077710 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20077710
TlepHiC_scaffold_20078400 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20078400
TlepHiC_scaffold_20079420 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20079420
TlepHiC_scaffold_20080030 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20080030
TlepHiC_scaffold_20080540 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20080540
TlepHiC_scaffold_20085240 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20085240
TlepHiC_scaffold_20085340 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20085340
TlepHiC_scaffold_20085740 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20085740
TlepHiC_scaffold_20089030 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20089030
TlepHiC_scaffold_20089050 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20089050
TlepHiC_scaffold_20091670 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20091670
TlepHiC_scaffold_20092680 takakia_lepidozioides TlepHiC_scaffold_20092680