PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
Flavonoid scaffold formation
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
Tyrosine acceptor branch
Condensation and hydroxylation
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
Aurv8419100117320 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv8419100117320
Aurv8419800117460 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv8419800117460
Aurv8425760118120 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv8425760118120
Aurv8452500120710 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv8452500120710
Aurv8475500123400 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv8475500123400
Aurv8500050127440 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv8500050127440
Aurv8502750127880 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv8502750127880
Aurv8521890130490 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv8521890130490
Aurv8544540134630 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv8544540134630
Aurv8549870135610 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv8549870135610
Aurv8556860137140 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv8556860137140
Aurv8565940138560 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv8565940138560
Aurv8572460139310 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv8572460139310
Aurv8613150145080 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv8613150145080
Aurv8613280145130 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv8613280145130
Aurv8615910145630 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv8615910145630
Aurv8618910146070 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv8618910146070
Aurv8629160147710 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv8629160147710
Aurv8636820148970 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv8636820148970
Aurv8638960149310 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv8638960149310
Aurv8646160150730 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv8646160150730
Aurv8650130151640 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv8650130151640
Aurv8656710153210 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv8656710153210
Aurv8657710153450 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv8657710153450
Aurv8659250153690 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv8659250153690
Aurv8676710157570 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv8676710157570
Aurv8688190159390 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv8688190159390
Aurv8694880160490 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv8694880160490
Aurv8696270160760 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv8696270160760
Aurv8703440162000 acrobolbus_urvilleanus Aurv8703440162000