PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
Aalbaalba5_s000696040317340.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000696040317340.1
Aalbaalba5_s000739190330400.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000739190330400.1
Aalbaalba5_s000739190330410.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000739190330410.1
Aalbaalba5_s000760370336860.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000760370336860.1
Aalbaalba5_s000779750342440.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000779750342440.1
Aalbaalba5_s000782330343170.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000782330343170.1
Aalbaalba5_s000808880351450.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000808880351450.1
Aalbaalba5_s000810390351860.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000810390351860.1
Aalbaalba5_s000828480357070.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000828480357070.1
Aalbaalba5_s000836710359300.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000836710359300.1
Aalbaalba5_s000851300363280.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000851300363280.1
Aalbaalba5_s000851300363290.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000851300363290.1
Aalbaalba5_s000889360374100.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000889360374100.1
Aalbaalba5_s000891000374470.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000891000374470.1
Aalbaalba5_s000913880380930.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000913880380930.1
Aalbaalba5_s000917160381710.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000917160381710.1
Aalbaalba5_s000917390381790.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000917390381790.1
Aalbaalba5_s000955410391760.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000955410391760.1
Aalbaalba5_s000968850395390.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000968850395390.1
Aalbaalba5_s000969580395560.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000969580395560.1
Aalbaalba5_s000974630396860.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000974630396860.1
Aalbaalba5_s000979710398340.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000979710398340.1
Aalbaalba5_s000981980398900.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000981980398900.1
Aalbaalba5_s000992670401710.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000992670401710.1
Aalbaalba5_s000994400402170.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s000994400402170.1
Aalbaalba5_s001015380407580.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001015380407580.1
Aalbaalba5_s001029190411030.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001029190411030.1
Aalbaalba5_s001037560412910.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001037560412910.1
Aalbaalba5_s001040100413510.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001040100413510.1
Aalbaalba5_s001043550414320.1 abies_alba Aalbaalba5_s001043550414320.1