PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr4.304 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr4.304
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr4.501 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr4.501
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr4.502 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr4.502
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr4.970 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr4.970
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.13 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.13
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.1609 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.1609
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.1611 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.1611
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.2697 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.2697
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.3120 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.3120
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.3132 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.3132
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.3133 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.3133
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.334 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.334
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.335 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.335
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.337 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.337
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.340 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.340
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.343 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.343
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.344 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.344
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.345 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.345
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.351 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.351
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.352 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.352
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.353 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.353
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.354 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.354
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.508 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.508
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.679 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.679
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.738 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.738
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.846 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.846
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.847 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.847
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.87 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.87
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.88 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.88
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.89 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.89