PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.90 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr5.90
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr6.1437 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr6.1437
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr6.1983 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr6.1983
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr6.2002 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr6.2002
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr6.2003 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr6.2003
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr6.2447 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr6.2447
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr6.2562 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr6.2562
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr6.3227 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr6.3227
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr6.3376 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr6.3376
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr6.3446 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr6.3446
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr7.1100 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr7.1100
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr7.1101 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr7.1101
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr7.1237 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr7.1237
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr7.1690 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr7.1690
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr7.1730 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr7.1730
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr7.962 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr7.962
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr8.1001 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr8.1001
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr8.1464 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr8.1464
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr8.1584 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr8.1584
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr8.1664 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr8.1664
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr8.1712 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr8.1712
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr8.2618 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr8.2618
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr8.2619 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr8.2619
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr8.549 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr8.549
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr9.1067 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr9.1067
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr9.1082 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr9.1082
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr9.1085 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr9.1085
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr9.1406.1 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr9.1406.1
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr9.1407 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr9.1407
acer_truncatum_Atru.chr9.1408 acer_truncatum acer_truncatum_Atru.chr9.1408