PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL031357 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL031357
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL031596 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL031596
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL031682 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL031682
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL031722 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL031722
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL031857 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL031857
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL031997 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL031997
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL032023 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL032023
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL032191 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL032191
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL032192 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL032192
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL032193 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL032193
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL032195 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL032195
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL032733 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL032733
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL032891 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL032891
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL032905 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL032905
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL033568 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL033568
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL033618 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL033618
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL033619 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL033619
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL033621 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL033621
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL033622 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL033622
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL034306 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL034306
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL034544 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL034544
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL034561 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL034561
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL034660 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL034660
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL034661 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL034661
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL034663 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL034663
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL034664 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL034664
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL034729 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL034729
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL034734 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL034734
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035028 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035028
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035030 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035030