PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
C4H

C4H

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family C4H.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 759 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Triticum aestivum
Aegilops tauschii
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Flavonoid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 464 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Rosmarinic acid pathway 48992 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035049 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035049
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035090 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035090
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035099 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035099
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035135 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035135
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035138 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035138
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035209 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035209
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035210 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035210
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035217 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035217
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035223 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035223
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035331 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035331
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035332 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035332
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035505 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035505
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035506 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035506
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035598 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035598
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035684 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035684
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035686 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035686
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035687 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035687
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035695 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035695
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035696 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035696
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035699 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035699
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035700 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035700
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035701 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035701
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035702 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035702
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035704 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035704
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035706 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035706
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035707 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035707
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035708 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035708
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035709 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035709
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035732 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035732
aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035818 aconitum_vilmorinianum aconitum_vilmorinianum_GWHPBRAL035818