PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
PAL

PAL

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family PAL.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 752 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Aegilops tauschii
Triticum aestivum
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Flavonoid pathway
Phenylpropanoid pathway
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 7015 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Phenylpropanoid pathway 7015 current-family members Vogt 2010; Vanholme et al. 2013; Tobimatsu & Schuetz 2019; Zhao et al. 2013
Entry backbone
PAL 7015 C4H/CYP73A 432 4CL 25910
Hydroxycinnamoyl and monolignol backbone
HCT 14877 C3'H/CYP98A 10198 CSE 29610 CCoAOMT 6839 CCR 4440
S/G branch and monolignol formation
F5H/CYP84A 306 COMT 22394 CAD 17134
Oxidative polymerization
LAC 28156 POD 122923
Rosmarinic acid pathway 7015 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
Mtru07G0050480.1 medicago_truncatula Mtru07G0050480.1
MdelGWHANWI000013200030630.1 megacarpaea_delavayi MdelGWHANWI000013200030630.1
MdelGWHANWI000053790107970.1 megacarpaea_delavayi MdelGWHANWI000053790107970.1
MdelGWHANWI000072390136860.1 megacarpaea_delavayi MdelGWHANWI000072390136860.1
MdelGWHANWI000106080179320.1 megacarpaea_delavayi MdelGWHANWI000106080179320.1
MdelGWHANWI000115750188780.2 megacarpaea_delavayi MdelGWHANWI000115750188780.2
MdelGWHANWI000136910206690.4 megacarpaea_delavayi MdelGWHANWI000136910206690.4
MdelGWHANWI000265690265270.1 megacarpaea_delavayi MdelGWHANWI000265690265270.1
MdelGWHANWI002758390308960.5 megacarpaea_delavayi MdelGWHANWI002758390308960.5
MdelGWHANWI002799530319710.1 megacarpaea_delavayi MdelGWHANWI002799530319710.1
MpygGWHANWB000000020053590.1 megadenia_pygmaea MpygGWHANWB000000020053590.1
MpygGWHANWB000000040110070.1 megadenia_pygmaea MpygGWHANWB000000040110070.1
MpygGWHANWB000000040110080.1 megadenia_pygmaea MpygGWHANWB000000040110080.1
MpygGWHANWB000000050155320.1 megadenia_pygmaea MpygGWHANWB000000050155320.1
MpygGWHANWB000000050155330.1 megadenia_pygmaea MpygGWHANWB000000050155330.1
MpygGWHANWB000000050184780.1 megadenia_pygmaea MpygGWHANWB000000050184780.1
MpygGWHANWB000000060239370.1 megadenia_pygmaea MpygGWHANWB000000060239370.1
MpygGWHANWB000000060246490.1 megadenia_pygmaea MpygGWHANWB000000060246490.1
melaleuca_alternifolia_scf7180000028420_gene_154 melaleuca_alternifolia melaleuca_alternifolia_scf7180000028420_gene_154
melaleuca_alternifolia_scf7180000028570_gene_400 melaleuca_alternifolia melaleuca_alternifolia_scf7180000028570_gene_400
melaleuca_alternifolia_scf7180000029550_gene_120 melaleuca_alternifolia melaleuca_alternifolia_scf7180000029550_gene_120
melaleuca_alternifolia_scf7180000036744_gene_183 melaleuca_alternifolia melaleuca_alternifolia_scf7180000036744_gene_183
melaleuca_alternifolia_scf7180000037361_gene_338 melaleuca_alternifolia melaleuca_alternifolia_scf7180000037361_gene_338
Mlonscaffold_1_length_466995370056980.1 mentha_longifolia Mlonscaffold_1_length_466995370056980.1
Mlonscaffold_8_length_368420820172640.1 mentha_longifolia Mlonscaffold_8_length_368420820172640.1
Mlonscaffold_9_length_337380420199090.1 mentha_longifolia Mlonscaffold_9_length_337380420199090.1
mesembryanthemum_crystallinum_Mc09G01552 mesembryanthemum_crystallinum mesembryanthemum_crystallinum_Mc09G01552
mesembryanthemum_crystallinum_Mc09G01553 mesembryanthemum_crystallinum mesembryanthemum_crystallinum_Mc09G01553
mesembryanthemum_crystallinum_Mc09G01555 mesembryanthemum_crystallinum mesembryanthemum_crystallinum_Mc09G01555
Mesp5376650078340 mesoptychia_sp Mesp5376650078340