PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
PAL

PAL

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family PAL.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 752 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Aegilops tauschii
Triticum aestivum
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Flavonoid pathway
Phenylpropanoid pathway
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 7015 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Phenylpropanoid pathway 7015 current-family members Vogt 2010; Vanholme et al. 2013; Tobimatsu & Schuetz 2019; Zhao et al. 2013
Entry backbone
PAL 7015 C4H/CYP73A 432 4CL 25910
Hydroxycinnamoyl and monolignol backbone
HCT 14877 C3'H/CYP98A 10198 CSE 29610 CCoAOMT 6839 CCR 4440
S/G branch and monolignol formation
F5H/CYP84A 306 COMT 22394 CAD 17134
Oxidative polymerization
LAC 28156 POD 122923
Rosmarinic acid pathway 7015 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
Cacipscaffold_2290077570 chorisodontium_aciphyllum Cacipscaffold_2290077570
Cacipscaffold_2380080760 chorisodontium_aciphyllum Cacipscaffold_2380080760
Cacipscaffold_4760218200 chorisodontium_aciphyllum Cacipscaffold_4760218200
Cacipscaffold_4760218230 chorisodontium_aciphyllum Cacipscaffold_4760218230
Cacipscaffold_4760218240 chorisodontium_aciphyllum Cacipscaffold_4760218240
Cacipscaffold_5110248440 chorisodontium_aciphyllum Cacipscaffold_5110248440
Cacipscaffold_5330263830 chorisodontium_aciphyllum Cacipscaffold_5330263830
Cacipscaffold_6510337540 chorisodontium_aciphyllum Cacipscaffold_6510337540
Cacipscaffold_6520338310 chorisodontium_aciphyllum Cacipscaffold_6520338310
Czof11G0006920.1 chromochloris_zofingiensis Czof11G0006920.1
Cnanutg111334_pilon_pilon0020150.1 chrysanthemum_nankingense Cnanutg111334_pilon_pilon0020150.1
Cnanutg111334_pilon_pilon0020160.1 chrysanthemum_nankingense Cnanutg111334_pilon_pilon0020160.1
Cnanutg111334_pilon_pilon0020170.1 chrysanthemum_nankingense Cnanutg111334_pilon_pilon0020170.1
Cnanutg111334_pilon_pilon0020180.1 chrysanthemum_nankingense Cnanutg111334_pilon_pilon0020180.1
Cnanutg13361_pilon_pilon0046740.1 chrysanthemum_nankingense Cnanutg13361_pilon_pilon0046740.1
Cnanutg22330_pilon_pilon0189050.1 chrysanthemum_nankingense Cnanutg22330_pilon_pilon0189050.1
Cnanutg22330_pilon_pilon0189070.1 chrysanthemum_nankingense Cnanutg22330_pilon_pilon0189070.1
Cnanutg22330_pilon_pilon0189080.1 chrysanthemum_nankingense Cnanutg22330_pilon_pilon0189080.1
Cnanutg230194_pilon_pilon0199800.1 chrysanthemum_nankingense Cnanutg230194_pilon_pilon0199800.1
Cnanutg36461_pilon_pilon0338240.1 chrysanthemum_nankingense Cnanutg36461_pilon_pilon0338240.1
Cnanutg40998_pilon_pilon0362770.1 chrysanthemum_nankingense Cnanutg40998_pilon_pilon0362770.1
Cnanutg54132_pilon_pilon0428740.1 chrysanthemum_nankingense Cnanutg54132_pilon_pilon0428740.1
Cnanutg59767_pilon_pilon0453570.1 chrysanthemum_nankingense Cnanutg59767_pilon_pilon0453570.1
Cnanutg60943_pilon_pilon0458480.1 chrysanthemum_nankingense Cnanutg60943_pilon_pilon0458480.1
CsetCse_sc000012.10002600 chrysanthemum_seticuspe CsetCse_sc000012.10002600
CsetCse_sc001392.10134860 chrysanthemum_seticuspe CsetCse_sc001392.10134860
CsetCse_sc001720.10158690 chrysanthemum_seticuspe CsetCse_sc001720.10158690
CsetCse_sc002116.10185830 chrysanthemum_seticuspe CsetCse_sc002116.10185830
CsetCse_sc002374.10202570 chrysanthemum_seticuspe CsetCse_sc002374.10202570
CsetCse_sc003254.10257330 chrysanthemum_seticuspe CsetCse_sc003254.10257330