PlantSME Plant secondary metabolism enzyme database
PAL

PAL

Phenylpropanoid-entry shared module: PAL/4CL/C4H are expected shared entry families across phenylpropanoid-derived libraries.

Atlas summary family PAL.

Lineage Coverage
Detected in 752 of 789 public species; click a lineage to inspect its species list.
Algae
Bryophytes
Lycophytes/Ferns
Gymnosperms
Basal angiosperms
Monocots
Eudicots
Species Distribution
Triticum turgidum
Aegilops tauschii
Triticum aestivum
Hordeum vulgare
Related Modules
Flavonoid pathway
Phenylpropanoid pathway
Rosmarinic acid pathway
Pathway Position Map
Pathways are arranged by literature-curated biosynthetic stages and highlight the current enzyme family; branched pathways are grouped by stage rather than forced into one linear reaction chain.
Curated order
Flavonoid pathway 7015 current-family members Mao et al. 2025; Gulzar et al. 2024; Vogt 2010
Phenylpropanoid entry
PAL 7015 C4H 464 4CL 25907
Flavonoid scaffold formation
CHS 11738 CHI 3089
Flavone and isoflavonoid branches
FNS 359 IFS 541 IFR 11814
Dihydroflavonol branches
F3H 4697 F3'H/CYP75B 1332 F3'5'H/CYP75A 247 FLS 124
Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin branches
DFR 1310 ANS/LDOX 1019 UFGT 106747 ANR 1183
Phenylpropanoid pathway 7015 current-family members Vogt 2010; Vanholme et al. 2013; Tobimatsu & Schuetz 2019; Zhao et al. 2013
Entry backbone
PAL 7015 C4H/CYP73A 432 4CL 25910
Hydroxycinnamoyl and monolignol backbone
HCT 14877 C3'H/CYP98A 10198 CSE 29610 CCoAOMT 6839 CCR 4440
S/G branch and monolignol formation
F5H/CYP84A 306 COMT 22394 CAD 17134
Oxidative polymerization
LAC 28156 POD 122923
Rosmarinic acid pathway 7015 current-family members Petersen & Simmonds 2003; Huang et al. 2008; Kim et al. 2004; Berger et al. 2006; Eberle et al. 2009
Phenylalanine donor branch
PAL 7015 C4H 48992 4CL 25914
Tyrosine acceptor branch
TAT 14219 HPPR 5065
Condensation and hydroxylation
RAS 13433 CPR 5870
Family Gene List
GeneSpeciesProtein ID
dalbergia_odorifera_evm.model.scaffold_263.80 dalbergia_odorifera dalbergia_odorifera_evm.model.scaffold_263.80
dalbergia_odorifera_evm.model.scaffold_69.470 dalbergia_odorifera dalbergia_odorifera_evm.model.scaffold_69.470
dalbergia_odorifera_evm.model.scaffold_69.471 dalbergia_odorifera dalbergia_odorifera_evm.model.scaffold_69.471
dasypyrum_villosum_GWHPBJXA000571 dasypyrum_villosum dasypyrum_villosum_GWHPBJXA000571
dasypyrum_villosum_GWHPBJXA000572 dasypyrum_villosum dasypyrum_villosum_GWHPBJXA000572
dasypyrum_villosum_GWHPBJXA000575 dasypyrum_villosum dasypyrum_villosum_GWHPBJXA000575
dasypyrum_villosum_GWHPBJXA000576 dasypyrum_villosum dasypyrum_villosum_GWHPBJXA000576
dasypyrum_villosum_GWHPBJXA000577 dasypyrum_villosum dasypyrum_villosum_GWHPBJXA000577
dasypyrum_villosum_GWHPBJXA000578 dasypyrum_villosum dasypyrum_villosum_GWHPBJXA000578
dasypyrum_villosum_GWHPBJXA000579 dasypyrum_villosum dasypyrum_villosum_GWHPBJXA000579
dasypyrum_villosum_GWHPBJXA001028 dasypyrum_villosum dasypyrum_villosum_GWHPBJXA001028
dasypyrum_villosum_GWHPBJXA001030 dasypyrum_villosum dasypyrum_villosum_GWHPBJXA001030
dasypyrum_villosum_GWHPBJXA001297 dasypyrum_villosum dasypyrum_villosum_GWHPBJXA001297
dasypyrum_villosum_GWHPBJXA004788 dasypyrum_villosum dasypyrum_villosum_GWHPBJXA004788
dasypyrum_villosum_GWHPBJXA007020 dasypyrum_villosum dasypyrum_villosum_GWHPBJXA007020
dasypyrum_villosum_GWHPBJXA007023 dasypyrum_villosum dasypyrum_villosum_GWHPBJXA007023
dasypyrum_villosum_GWHPBJXA007025 dasypyrum_villosum dasypyrum_villosum_GWHPBJXA007025
dasypyrum_villosum_GWHPBJXA008947 dasypyrum_villosum dasypyrum_villosum_GWHPBJXA008947
dasypyrum_villosum_GWHPBJXA008948 dasypyrum_villosum dasypyrum_villosum_GWHPBJXA008948
dasypyrum_villosum_GWHPBJXA008949 dasypyrum_villosum dasypyrum_villosum_GWHPBJXA008949
dasypyrum_villosum_GWHPBJXA011504 dasypyrum_villosum dasypyrum_villosum_GWHPBJXA011504
dasypyrum_villosum_GWHPBJXA011511 dasypyrum_villosum dasypyrum_villosum_GWHPBJXA011511
dasypyrum_villosum_GWHPBJXA031702 dasypyrum_villosum dasypyrum_villosum_GWHPBJXA031702
dasypyrum_villosum_GWHPBJXA031703 dasypyrum_villosum dasypyrum_villosum_GWHPBJXA031703
Dgloscaffold129_cov830044200 datisca_glomerata Dgloscaffold129_cov830044200
Dgloscaffold1421_cov850059370 datisca_glomerata Dgloscaffold1421_cov850059370
Dgloscaffold163_cov800086490 datisca_glomerata Dgloscaffold163_cov800086490
Dgloscaffold2886_cov830183910 datisca_glomerata Dgloscaffold2886_cov830183910
Dgloscaffold338_cov810211860 datisca_glomerata Dgloscaffold338_cov810211860
Dgloscaffold420_cov820243680 datisca_glomerata Dgloscaffold420_cov820243680